1 Organizational Schemes in Urban Surveying and Mapping. - Background Considerations. - A Brief Review of Existing Organizational Schemes in Urban Surveying and Mapping. - Further Comments on Structural and Functional Characteristics of City Survey Work. - The Functional Relationship Between the City Survey Office and Cadastral Operations. - Suggested Organizational Models of City Survey Offices. - References. - 2 Map Projection Systems for Urban Areas. - Geodetic Map Projections. - Formulas for the Reference Ellipsoid. - Transverse Mercator Grid Coordinates. - Grid Convergence and Scale Factor. - Transverse Mercator Projection Corrections. - Establishment of Local Plane Coordinate Grid. - References. - Additional Readings. - 3 Horizontal Control Surveys. - Density and Accuracy Requirements of Horizontal Control Networks. - Network Design. - Monumentation of Control Points. - Electromagnetic Distance Measurements (EDM). - Measurement of Horizontal Angles. - Reduction of Observations. - Net Adjustment and Computation of Coordinates. - Maintenance and Record-Keeping. - New Developments in Control Surveys. - References. - Additional Readings. - 4 Vertical Control. - General Characteristics of Vertical Control Nets in Urban Areas. - Accuracy Specifications. - Design of Vertical Control. - Monumentation. - Instruments and Field Procedures. - Adjustment and Computations of Heights. - Trigonometric Determination of Heights. - Record-Keeping and Maintenance. - References. - 5 Ground Surveying. - Introductory Remarks. - Brief Review of Surveying Methods. - Measurement of Distances. - Measurement of Angles. - Surveying Procedures. - References. - Additional Readings. - 6 Utility Surveys. - Surveying of Utilities. - Cadastre of Utilities. - References. - Additional Readings. - 7 Remarks on Cadastral Surveys. - Basic Functions and Characteristics of an Urban Cadastre. - Field Work. - Graphical Numerical and Computational Cadastre. - Accuracy Considerations. - Cadastral Maps. - References. - Additional Readings. - 8 Use of Photogrammetry in Urban Areas. - Notions Concerning Aerial Photography. - Planning of Photographic Missions. - Photogrammetric Determination of Supplementary Control Points: Aerial Triangulation. - Pictorial Graphical and Numerical Presentation of Terrain Contents. - Photogrammetric Cadastre in Urban Areas. - Special Applications of Photogrammetric Methods in Urban Areas. - References. - Additional Readings. - 9 City Maps. - Base Map. - Derived City Maps. - 1: 25000 1: 50000 1: 100000 and Smaller-Scale Topographical Maps. - Maintenance of City Maps. - Thematic Maps. - Computer-Supported Mapping Systems. - References. - 10 Principles of Surveying and Mapping Data Banks in Cities. Language: English