A. Daniel Frankforter is Professor of History at the Pennsylvania State University where he has taught for four decades. His undergraduate work was in the history of ideas and philosophy at Franklin and Marshall College. He earned a Master of Divinity degree from Drew University did graduate work at Columbia University and the University of Göttingen and completed master's and doctoral degrees in medieval history and religious studies at Penn State. His research interests are in English ecclesiastical history the evolving status of women in medieval Europe and textual criticism. Articles on these topics have appeared in such journals as Manuscripta Church History The British Studies Monitor The Catholic Historical Review The American Benedictine Review The International Journal of Women's Studies and The Journal of Women's History. His books include A History of the Christian Movement: An Essay on the Development of Christian Institutions Civilization and Survival The Shakespeare Name Dictionary (with J. Madison Davis) The Medieval Millennium: An Introduction The Western Heritage brief edition (with Donald Kagan Stephen Ozment and Frank Turner) The Heritage of World Civilizations brief third edition (with Albert Craig William Graham Donald Kagan Stephen Ozment and Frank Turner) an edition and translation of Poullain de la Barre's De L'Égalité des deux Sexes and Stones for Bread: A Critique of Contemporary Worship. His most recent work is: Word of God/Words of Men: The Use and Abuse of Scripture. Over the course of his career he has developed 15 courses dealing with aspects of the ancient and medieval periods of Western civilization the Judeo-Christian tradition and gender issues. His service in the classroom has been acknowledged by the Penn State Behrend Excellence in Teaching Award and the prestigious Amoco Foundation Award for Excellence in Teaching Performance. William M. Spellman is Professor of History at the University of North Carolina Asheville and Director of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges a constorium of twenty-six institutions in the United States and Canada. He is a graduate of Suffolk University Boston and holds a PhD from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. He is the author of John Locke and The Problem of Depravity (Oxford 1988); The Latitudinarians and the Church of England (Georgia 1993); John Locke (Macmillan 1995): European Political Thought 1600-1700 (Macmillan 1997); Monarchies 1000-2000 (Reaktion 2000); The Global Community: Migration and the Making of the Modern World (Sutton 2002): A Concise History of the World Since 1945 (Palgrave 2006); Uncertain Identity: International Migration Since 1945 (Reaktion 2008); and A Short History of Western Political Thought (Palgrave 2011). . Language: English